Publications

Highlights

Flexible Gravitational-Wave Parameter Estimation with Transformers
(2025)

A. Kofler et al. Transformer-based architecture for gravitational-wave inference that generalizes across detector networks and frequency ranges without retraining, with strong performance and a foundation for further flexibility. [arXiv]

Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Physical Review D (2025) · 109 citations

N. Gupte et al. Amortized SBI analysis of all O1–O3 events reveals evidence for orbital eccentricity in three binary black holes. [doi] [arXiv]

Real-Time Gravitational Wave Science with Neural Posterior Estimation
Physical Review Letters (2021) · 293 citations

M. Dax et al. First neural posterior estimation for real gravitational-wave events amortized across noise PSDs, achieving results in seconds. [doi] [arXiv]

Conserved currents for a Kerr black hole and orthogonality of quasinormal modes
Physical Review D (2023) · 51 citations

S. Green, S. Hollands, and P. Zimmerman. Construction of conserved bilinear form for the Teukolsky equation, proving QNM orthogonality for Kerr black holes. [doi] [arXiv]

\[\langle\langle\Upsilon_1,\Upsilon_2\rangle\rangle = \Pi_{\Sigma_{\mathbb{C}}}[\Psi_2^{4/3}\mathcal{J}\Upsilon_1,\Upsilon_2]\]

\[c_{\ell mn} = \frac{\langle\langle {}_s\Upsilon_{\ell mn},\Upsilon_s\rangle\rangle}{\langle\langle {}_s\Upsilon_{\ell mn},{}_s\Upsilon_{\ell mn}\rangle\rangle}\]

Holographic Thermalization, Stability of Antide Sitter Space, and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Paradox
Physical Review Letters (2014) · 171 citations

Discovery of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence behavior in the nonlinear dynamics of anti-de Sitter spacetime. Led to improved understanding of AdS instability. [doi] [arXiv]

A new framework for analyzing the effects of small scale inhomogeneities in cosmology
Physical Review D (2011) · 191 citations

S. Green and R. Wald. A rigorous framework for analyzing the effects of small-scale inhomogeneities in cosmology, showing that backreaction cannot mimic dark energy. [doi] [arXiv]

Bibliography

Short-author-list publications only. For LVK collaboration papers, see INSPIRE and Google Scholar.

References

2025

[1]
E. Cannizzaro, M. Palleschi, L. Sberna, R. Brito, and S. Green, Excitation of scalar quasi-normal modes from boson clouds, (2025).
[8]
R. Bachhar, M. Pürrer, and S. R. Green, Incorporating waveform calibration error in gravitational-wave modeling and inference for SEOBNRv4, Phys. Rev. D 111, 084050 (2025). [8 citations]
[9]
M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Gair, N. Gupte, M. Pürrer, V. Raymond, J. Wildberger, J. H. Macke, A. Buonanno, and B. Schölkopf, Real-time inference for binary neutron star mergers using machine learning, Nature 639, 49 (2025). [52 citations]
[10]
N. Gupte et al., Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, Phys. Rev. D 112, 104045 (2025). [109 citations]
[7]
C. Iuliano, S. Hollands, S. R. Green, and P. Zimmerman, Extremal black hole weather, Phys. Rev. D 111, 124038 (2025). [8 citations]
[6]
F. Santoliquido et al., Fast and accurate parameter estimation of high-redshift sources with the Einstein Telescope, Phys. Rev. D 112, 103015 (2025). [5 citations]
[5]
J. Abedi et al., Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment, (2025). [172 citations]
[2]
A. Kofler, M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Wildberger, N. Gupte, J. H. Macke, J. Gair, A. Buonanno, and B. Schölkopf, Flexible Gravitational-Wave Parameter Estimation with Transformers, (2025).
[3]
M. Caldarola, S. Goyal, N. Gupte, S. R. Green, and M. Zumalacárregui, Accelerated inference of microlensed gravitational waves with machine learning, (2025).
[4]
I. Romero-Shaw, J. Stegmann, H. Tagawa, D. Gerosa, J. Samsing, N. Gupte, and S. R. Green, GW200208_222617 as an eccentric black-hole binary merger: Properties and astrophysical implications, Phys. Rev. D 112, 063052 (2025). [24 citations]
[12]
N. Afshordi et al., Waveform modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Living Rev. Rel. 28, 9 (2025). [177 citations]

2024

[13]
E. Cannizzaro, L. Sberna, S. R. Green, and S. Hollands, Relativistic Perturbation Theory for Black-Hole Boson Clouds, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 051401 (2024). [39 citations]
[11]
K. Leyde, S. R. Green, A. Toubiana, and J. Gair, Gravitational wave populations and cosmology with neural posterior estimation, Phys. Rev. D 109, 064056 (2024). [40 citations]

2023

[14]
M. Dax, J. Wildberger, S. Buchholz, S. R. Green, J. H. Macke, and B. Schölkopf, Flow Matching for Scalable Simulation-Based Inference, (2023). [28 citations]
[17]
M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Gair, M. Pürrer, J. Wildberger, J. H. Macke, A. Buonanno, and B. Schölkopf, Neural Importance Sampling for Rapid and Reliable Gravitational-Wave Inference, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 171403 (2023). [135 citations]
[16]
S. R. Green, S. Hollands, L. Sberna, V. Toomani, and P. Zimmerman, Conserved currents for a Kerr black hole and orthogonality of quasinormal modes, Phys. Rev. D 107, 064030 (2023). [51 citations]
[15]
J. Wildberger, M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Gair, M. Pürrer, J. H. Macke, A. Buonanno, and B. Schölkopf, Adapting to noise distribution shifts in flow-based gravitational-wave inference, Phys. Rev. D 107, 084046 (2023). [27 citations]

2022

[19]
L. Sberna, P. Bosch, W. E. East, S. R. Green, and L. Lehner, Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: Absorption-induced mode excitation, Phys. Rev. D 105, 064046 (2022). [99 citations]
[18]
T. Whittaker, W. E. East, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and H. Yang, Using machine learning to parametrize postmerger signals from binary neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 105, 124021 (2022). [25 citations]
[22]
N. Ortiz, F. Carrasco, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, S. L. Liebling, and J. R. Westernacher-Schneider, Gamma-radiation sky maps from compact binaries, JCAP 02, 027 (2022).
[21]
V. Toomani, P. Zimmerman, A. Spiers, S. Hollands, A. Pound, and S. R. Green, New metric reconstruction scheme for gravitational self-force calculations, Class. Quant. Grav. 39, 015019 (2022). [57 citations]

2021

[23]
M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Gair, J. H. Macke, A. Buonanno, and B. Schölkopf, Real-Time Gravitational Wave Science with Neural Posterior Estimation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 241103 (2021). [293 citations]
[24]
S. R. Green and J. Gair, Complete parameter inference for GW150914 using deep learning, Mach. Learn. Sci. Tech. 2, 03LT01 (2021). [113 citations]
[20]
M. Dax, S. R. Green, J. Gair, M. Deistler, B. Schölkopf, and J. H. Macke, Group equivariant neural posterior estimation, (2021). [35 citations]

2020

[26]
P. Bosch, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and H. Roussille, Excited hairy black holes: Dynamical construction and level transitions, Phys. Rev. D 102, 044014 (2020). [13 citations]
[25]
S. R. Green, C. Simpson, and J. Gair, Gravitational-wave parameter estimation with autoregressive neural network flows, Phys. Rev. D 102, 104057 (2020). [183 citations]
[27]
S. R. Green, S. Hollands, and P. Zimmerman, Teukolsky formalism for nonlinear Kerr perturbations, Class. Quant. Grav. 37, 075001 (2020). [71 citations]

2018

[28]
J. Gagnon-Bischoff, S. R. Green, P. Landry, and N. Ortiz, Extended I-Love relations for slowly rotating neutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 97, 064042 (2018). [27 citations]

2016

[29]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, A simple, heuristic derivation of our no backreaction results, Class. Quant. Grav. 33, 125027 (2016). [40 citations]
[30]
P. Bosch, S. R. Green, and L. Lehner, Nonlinear Evolution and Final Fate of Charged Antide Sitter Black Hole Superradiant Instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 141102 (2016). [119 citations]
[31]
S. R. Green, S. Hollands, A. Ishibashi, and R. M. Wald, Superradiant instabilities of asymptotically anti-de Sitter black holes, Class. Quant. Grav. 33, 125022 (2016). [79 citations]

2015

[36]
A. Buchel, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling, Conserved quantities and dual turbulent cascades in antide Sitter spacetime, Phys. Rev. D 91, 064026 (2015). [63 citations]
[35]
H. Yang, F. Zhang, S. R. Green, and L. Lehner, Coupled Oscillator Model for Nonlinear Gravitational Perturbations, Phys. Rev. D 91, 084007 (2015). [21 citations]
[34]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, Comments on Backreaction, (2015). [47 citations]
[33]
V. Balasubramanian, A. Buchel, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling, Reply to Comment on Holographic Thermalization, Stability of Antide Sitter Space, and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Paradox, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 049102 (2015). [37 citations]
[32]
S. R. Green, A. Maillard, L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling, Islands of stability and recurrence times in AdS, Phys. Rev. D 92, 084001 (2015). [76 citations]

2014

[41]
S. R. Green, J. S. Schiffrin, and R. M. Wald, Dynamic and Thermodynamic Stability of Relativistic, Perfect Fluid Stars, Class. Quant. Grav. 31, 035023 (2014). [49 citations]
[39]
V. Balasubramanian, A. Buchel, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling, Holographic Thermalization, Stability of Antide Sitter Space, and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Paradox, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 071601 (2014). [171 citations]
[40]
S. R. Green, F. Carrasco, and L. Lehner, Holographic Path to the Turbulent Side of Gravity, Phys. Rev. X 4, 011001 (2014). [58 citations]
[37]
A. Buchel, S. R. Green, L. Lehner, and S. L. Liebling, Universality of non-equilibrium dynamics of CFTs from holography, (2014). [18 citations]
[38]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, How well is our universe described by an FLRW model?, Class. Quant. Grav. 31, 234003 (2014). [137 citations]

2013

[42]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, Examples of backreaction of small scale inhomogeneities in cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 87, 124037 (2013). [52 citations]

2012

[43]
S. Roland. Green, Nonlinear backreaction in cosmology., PhD thesis, Chicago U., 2012.
[44]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, Newtonian and Relativistic Cosmologies, Phys. Rev. D 85, 063512 (2012). [122 citations]
[45]
S. R. Green, E. J. Martinec, C. Quigley, and S. Sethi, Constraints on String Cosmology, Class. Quant. Grav. 29, 075006 (2012). [87 citations]

2011

[46]
S. R. Green and R. M. Wald, A new framework for analyzing the effects of small scale inhomogeneities in cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 83, 084020 (2011). [191 citations]
[47]
B. Pang, U.-L. Pen, C. D. Matzner, S. R. Green, and M. Liebendorfer, Numerical Parameter Survey of Nonradiative Black Hole Accretion – Flow Structure and Variability of the Rotation Measure, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 415, 1228 (2011). [55 citations]